Argentina business and legal glossary: Spanish terms explained in English
Last verified: 27 Oct 2026 · Status: Changing
Argentine business documents are written in a dense legal and administrative Spanish full of acronyms (CUIT, ARCA, IGJ, MLC, CCT, ART, IIBB) and of ordinary words with a technical meaning (sellos, expensas, poder, alias, retenciones). Many of these terms have no exact English equivalent, and some have two meanings that matter: retenciones is both a tax withholding and, in everyday speech, the export duty; MEP is both a BCRA interbank payment system and the nickname of a legal bond trade used to buy dollars; CDI is both a tax identification key and a double tax treaty.
This page is a working dictionary of more than 270 terms an investor, expat, local SME or adviser meets in contracts, invoices, payslips, bank forms, BCRA communications, ARCA resolutions and corporate filings. It is arranged A to Z by the Spanish term. It is not a substitute for the topic pages: each entry links to the page where the rule is explained, and the page does not repeat numbers that belong there except where a figure is needed to understand the term.
Five points to take away before using the glossary:
- Institutions changed names recently. The federal tax and customs agency AFIP was dissolved and replaced by ARCA (Agencia de Recaudación y Control Aduanero) by Decree 953/2024 (BO 25 October 2024, arts. 1 and 2). Older resolutions still say "AFIP" and remain in force unless repealed; ARCA's own resolutions state that references to AFIP are to be read as references to ARCA (for example ARCA RG 5614/2024, art. 7).
- Identifiers changed in 2026. Since 2 March 2026 a non resident individual (foreign shareholder, director or manager) gets a CUIT, not a CDI; the CDI survives only for diplomatic missions and for entities with no tax reason to hold a CUIT, in practice a foreign parent company (ARCA RG 5803/2025, BO 24 December 2025, arts. 6, 19, 20 and 33).
- Labour vocabulary changed in 2026. Law 27.802, the Ley de Modernización Laboral (BO 6 March 2026), rewrote the severance article (LCT art. 245), the notice article (art. 231(b)), the pay account article (art. 124), the presumption of employment (art. 23) and created the Fondos de Asistencia Laboral (FAL).
- The FX vocabulary is regulatory, not statutory. Terms such as formación de activos externos, conformidad previa, canje, arbitraje and the 90 day "cross restriction" come from the BCRA consolidated text "Exterior y Cambios", not from a law. The colloquial words cepo, blue and brecha have no legal definition at all.
- Provincial and municipal terms vary by jurisdiction. Ingresos brutos, sellos, ABL and habilitación are local taxes or permits. The national framework (Law 23.548 on tax sharing, the Convenio Multilateral) fixes their shape; each province and the City of Buenos Aires (CABA) fixes the rates.
For a ten minute orientation to the economy and institutions read Argentina in 10 minutes. For statistical and data terms (CPI, EMAE, country risk, reserves) see the separate data glossary. For the corporate tax scale and dividend rules, which this page only names, see Corporate income tax. For the map of which agency regulates what, see Who regulates what (unconfirmed).
Cost to do it. Using this glossary costs nothing. The procedures it names do have costs; the most common ones in the sources are: SA minimum capital ARS 30,000,000 (US$19,182.81) (LGS art. 186, as amended by Decree 209/2024); SAS minimum capital two minimum wages, ARS 782,400 (US$500.29) in October 2026 (Law 27.349 art. 40; CNEPYSMVYM Res. 4/2026 art. 1(b)); first residence fee 100 UMSM, ARS 100,000 (US$63.94), or 50 UMSM for Mercosur nationals (Decree 584/2024 arts. 2 and 5); apostille through TAD ARS 4,500 (US$2.88) per document, about 30 business days (Ministry of Foreign Affairs service page, accessed for the notaries page). Notarial, translation and professional fees are not set in any source (unconfirmed).
COMPARISON: to be sourced by editor
Peso amounts are converted at the dólar MEP (bolsa) selling rate of ARS 1,563.90 per US$ on 23 Oct 2026 (source: dolarapi.com, MEP quote). Conversions are indicative and move daily.
Key rules
These are the rules that explain how the vocabulary fits together. Each is developed on the linked topic page.
1. The hierarchy of norms and where they are published
- Constitution, treaties, laws. Congress passes leyes. Treaties approved by Congress rank above laws (CN art. 75(22)). A law enters into force after the eighth day of its official publication or on the day it sets (CCyC art. 5).
- Decrees. The President issues decretos reglamentarios to implement laws "taking care not to alter their spirit" (CN art. 99(2)). A DNU (decreto de necesidad y urgencia) has the force of law but may not deal with criminal, tax, electoral or political party matters (CN art. 99(3)). A DNU stays in force unless both chambers reject it; rejection must be express and repeals the decree without affecting rights acquired while it was in force (Law 26.122 arts. 22 and 24). Delegated decrees (decretos delegados) are issued under powers Congress delegates (CN art. 76).
- Agency rules. Below decrees come resoluciones (of ministries and agencies), resoluciones generales (RG, the standard form of ARCA, IGJ and CNV rules), disposiciones (issued by directorates such as the DNM) and the BCRA's comunicaciones. The BCRA consolidates its rules by topic in textos ordenados (t.o.).
- Official Gazette. National norms are published in the Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina (BO). Infoleg and argentina.gob.ar/normativa host the texts; Infoleg's "texto actualizado" (texact) incorporates amendments, its "texto original" (norma) does not.
2. Company vocabulary
- Sociedad exists when one or more persons, organised under one of the legal types, contribute to produce or exchange goods or services, sharing profits and losses; a single member company may only be an SA (LGS art. 1).
- SA: capital represented by acciones (shares); liability limited to the shares subscribed (LGS art. 163); minimum capital ARS 30,000,000 (art. 186, amount set by Decree 209/2024).
- SRL: capital divided into cuotas (quotas) of ARS 10 or multiples; 50 partners maximum; managed by gerentes (LGS arts. 146, 148 and 157).
- SAS: Law 27.349 type, governed by its own law and bylaws, LGS supplementary (art. 33); minimum capital two SMVM (art. 40).
- Estatuto / contrato social: the instrument of incorporation must state the partners' identity (LGS art. 11(1)), the name and domicile (11(2)), a "precise and determined" corporate purpose (11(3)), the capital in Argentine currency (11(4)), a fixed duration (11(5)), the organisation of management, supervision and meetings (11(6)) and the rules for profits and losses (11(7)). Since 1 August 2015 an SAU must pay its capital in full at incorporation (11(4); Law 27.077 set the CCyC entry into force on that date).
- A company exists as a regular company only from registration in the Registro Público (LGS art. 7); in CABA the registry is run by the IGJ (Law 22.315 arts. 3 and 4).
- Sociedad extranjera: governed by the law of its place of incorporation; may carry out isolated acts; for habitual activity it must register a branch (art. 118) and to hold shares in a local company it must register under art. 123 (LGS arts. 118 and 123).
3. Tax vocabulary
- National taxes are administered by ARCA under Law 11.683; returns are declaraciones juradas (art. 11); ARCA may require anticipos (art. 21) and appoint agentes de retención y percepción (art. 22); late payment bears interés resarcitorio (art. 37); collection in court is by ejecución fiscal (art. 92); appeals against assessments go, at the taxpayer's choice, to the Tribunal Fiscal de la Nación within 15 days (art. 76).
- Prescription of ARCA's powers: 5 years for registered taxpayers, reduced to 3 years where the taxpayer filed on time and paid, unless ARCA detects a significant discrepancy (Law 11.683 art. 56, as replaced by Law 27.799 art. 30, BO 2 January 2026).
- IVA: general rate 21%, 27% for certain utility supplies to registered taxpayers, and a rate equal to 50% of the general rate (10.5%) for listed goods and services (VAT Law art. 28). Output tax (débito fiscal) minus input tax (crédito fiscal) gives the tax due (arts. 11 and 12).
- Ganancias (income tax): companies pay on a progressive scale of 25%, 30% and 35% (ITL art. 73; ARCA scale 2026: 25% up to ARS 133,514,185.74; 30% up to ARS 1,335,141,857.38; 35% above); dividends to individuals and non residents bear 7% (art. 97).
- Invoices: classes A, B, C and E depend on the VAT status of issuer and buyer (RG 1415 arts. 15 to 17); electronic invoices have no tax effect until ARCA grants the CAE (RG 4291 art. 12).
4. Labour vocabulary
- Remuneración is what the worker must receive under the contract; it may not be below the minimum wage (LCT art. 103). The SMVM is set by the National Council; from 1 October 2026 it is ARS 391,200 per month (US$250.14), rising to ARS 398,800 (US$255.00) from 1 November and ARS 406,400 (US$259.86) from 1 December 2026 (CNEPYSMVYM Res. 4/2026 art. 1).
- Aguinaldo (SAC): one twelfth of annual pay, in two instalments due 30 June and 18 December, each computed as 50% of the highest monthly pay of the half year (LCT arts. 121 and 122); proportional SAC on termination (art. 123).
- Período de prueba: first 6 months of an indefinite contract; collective agreements may extend it to 8 months (employers with 6 to 100 workers) or 1 year (up to 5 workers) (LCT art. 92 bis).
- Preaviso: 15 days from the worker; from the employer 1 month (up to 5 years' seniority) or 2 months (more than 5 years); none during probation (LCT art. 231, inciso b) as replaced by Law 27.802 art. 48).
- Indemnización por antigüedad: one month's pay per year of service or fraction above 3 months, on the best monthly normal and habitual pay of the last year, excluding SAC, vacation pay and non monthly bonuses; capped at three times the average CCT pay, but the cap may not cut the base below 67% of the worker's pay; minimum one month (LCT art. 245, as replaced by Law 27.802 art. 51).
- Vacaciones: 14, 21, 28 or 35 calendar days depending on seniority at 31 December (LCT art. 150); paid at monthly salary divided by 25 per day (art. 155).
5. FX and payments vocabulary
- The mercado de cambios (MLC) is the free exchange market created by Decree 260/2002 art. 1 (as replaced by Law 27.444 art. 132). Every FX trade must go through an entity authorised by the BCRA; the rate is freely agreed; each trade is recorded in a boleto de cambio (FX rules points 1.1, 1.3 and 1.4).
- Breaches fall under the Ley de Régimen Penal Cambiario: dealing in exchange without an authorised institution is an offence, with fines up to 10 times the amount on a first offence (Law 19.359, t.o. 1995, arts. 1(a) and 2(a)).
- Companies need conformidad previa of the BCRA to buy currency for formación de activos externos (point 3.10). For most other outflows, a company must declare that it has not sold securities for foreign currency or swapped securities for external assets in the previous 90 days and will not in the next 90 (points 3.16.3.1 and 3.16.3.2).
- Every bank account has a CBU, every fintech payment account a CVU, and either can carry an alias; instant transfer schemes must show holder, currency, CUIT, CUIL or CDI and judicial account status (BCRA Transferencias, normas complementarias, point 2.4).
6. Identity and residence vocabulary
- The DNI is issued exclusively by the RENAPER and is mandatory proof of identity (Law 17.671 arts. 1 and 13). Foreign residents receive a DNI once their residence is granted (Law 25.871 arts. 30 to 33).
- Residence categories are permanente, temporaria and transitoria (Law 25.871 art. 20); applications are filed online through the DNM's RaDEX system.
The glossary, A to Z
Abbreviations used in the Norm column: CN (Constitution), CCyC (Civil and Commercial Code), LGS (General Companies Law 19.550), LCT (Employment Contract Law 20.744), LPT (Tax Procedure Law 11.683), ITL (Income Tax Law), VAT Law (t.o. 1997), CA (Customs Code, Law 22.415), FX rules (BCRA "Exterior y Cambios", t.o. 14 September 2026), RG (General Resolution), IGJ Rules (Annex A of IGJ RG 15/2024 as amended).
A
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abogado, abogada | Lawyer | A lawyer registered (matriculado) with the bar of the jurisdiction where they practise; only lawyers sign court filings. | Local bar rules, not in sources (unconfirmed) | Courts |
| Acciones | Shares | Units into which the capital of an SA or SAS is divided; shareholders risk only what they subscribe. | LGS art. 163; Law 27.349 art. 34 | SA and SAU |
| Acción de amparo | Constitutional injunction | Fast court action against acts or omissions of authorities or private persons that manifestly and arbitrarily harm constitutional rights, where no better remedy exists. Often used against new regulations. | CN art. 43 | Courts |
| Acta de directorio, acta de asamblea | Board minutes, shareholders' meeting minutes | Minutes of collegiate bodies, kept in a special book; board minutes are signed by those present, meeting minutes within 5 days. | LGS art. 73 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Activos externos, formación de (FAE) | Formation of external assets | BCRA term for buying foreign currency to save or invest abroad. Companies need BCRA prior approval (codes A01 to A09, A14, A24). | FX rules point 3.10 | Exchange controls |
| Acuerdo preventivo extrajudicial (APE) | Out of court restructuring agreement | A deal between a debtor in cessation of payments or general financial difficulty and its creditors, submitted to the court for approval (homologación). | Law 24.522 art. 69 | Insolvency |
| Aduana, DGA | Customs, Directorate General of Customs | The customs service, part of ARCA, which applies the Customs Code and collects import and export duties. | CA; Decree 953/2024 | Customs duties |
| AEC (Arancel Externo Común) | Mercosur Common External Tariff | The basic import duty schedule shared by Mercosur members, modified by national exception lists. | Decree 557/2023 arts. 1 to 9 | Customs duties |
| AFIP | Former Federal Revenue Administration | Dissolved in October 2024 and replaced by ARCA. Old RGs still say "AFIP" and remain in force unless repealed. | Decree 953/2024 art. 1 | Tax procedure |
| Agente de retención | Withholding agent | A payer required by law or by ARCA to deduct tax from a payment and remit it. | LPT art. 22 | Withholdings |
| Agente de percepción | Collection agent | A seller or bank required to charge tax on top of the price (a percepción) and remit it. | LPT art. 22 | Withholdings |
| Aguinaldo (SAC) | Thirteenth month salary | Popular name of the sueldo anual complementario: one twelfth of annual pay, paid in two instalments due 30 June and 18 December. | LCT arts. 121 and 122 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Ajuste por inflación impositivo | Tax inflation adjustment | Rules that adjust a company's taxable result for inflation when the statutory CPI triggers are met. | ITL art. 105 and following | Corporate income tax |
| Alias | Account alias | A word string chosen by the holder that points to a CBU or CVU; a transfer lookup shows the holder, currency and tax ID behind it. | BCRA Transferencias, normas complementarias, point 2.4.2 | Banking and payments |
| Alícuota | Tax rate | The percentage applied to a tax base (for example 21% VAT). | VAT Law art. 28 | VAT |
| Alquiler | Rent | The price paid under a lease; since DNU 70/2023 parties may agree the currency and the indexation method. | CCyC arts. 1187 and 1199 | Leases |
| ANSES | National Social Security Administration | Pays pensions and family allowances; also receives the revenue of the bank debit and credit tax. | Law 24.241; Law 25.413 art. 3 | Payroll |
| Antigüedad | Seniority | Length of service with the employer; it drives severance, notice and vacation days. | LCT arts. 150, 231 and 245 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Anticipo | Tax advance payment | Payment on account of the year's tax that ARCA may require before the return is due. | LPT art. 21 | Corporate income tax |
| Apoderado | Attorney in fact, proxy | The person who acts under a power of attorney. | CCyC arts. 362 and 363 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Apostilla | Apostille | Certificate under the 1961 Hague Convention that replaces consular legalisation between member States. | Law 23.458 (BO 21 Apr 1987) | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Aportes personales | Employee social security contributions | Amounts withheld from pay: 11% pensions (SIPA), 3% PAMI and 3% health insurance. | Law 24.241 art. 11; Law 19.032 art. 8; Law 23.660 art. 16 | Payroll |
| Arbitraje (cambiario) | FX arbitrage | Exchange of one foreign currency for another through an authorised entity; it needs a boleto like any FX trade. | FX rules point 1.4 | Exchange controls |
| ARCA | Federal Revenue and Customs Agency | Autonomous agency under the Ministry of Economy that collects national taxes, customs duties and social security; successor of AFIP. | Decree 953/2024 arts. 2 and 3 | Tax procedure |
| Arraigo | Settlement period | Time in temporary residence that qualifies a foreigner for permanent residence (three years in the general rule). | Decree 616/2010 art. 22(c) | Visas and residence |
| Arrendamiento | Lease (often rural) | Synonym of locación; rural leases have their own statute. | CCyC art. 1187; Law 13.246 | Agribusiness |
| ART (Aseguradora de Riesgos del Trabajo) | Work risk insurer | Private insurer that every employer must contract (unless self insured) to cover work accidents and occupational illness. | Law 24.557 arts. 1 and 3 | Payroll |
| Asamblea ordinaria | Ordinary shareholders' meeting | Approves the annual accounts, profit distribution and appointment and removal of directors and auditors. | LGS art. 234 | SA and SAU |
| Asamblea extraordinaria | Extraordinary shareholders' meeting | Decides everything not reserved to the ordinary meeting, including bylaw amendments and capital increases. | LGS art. 235 | SA and SAU |
| Asignaciones familiares | Family allowances | Benefits for workers with dependants paid through ANSES; not remuneration and not in the contribution base. | Law 24.241 art. 7; Law 24.714 (unconfirmed) | Payroll |
| Autónomo | Self employed person (general regime) | An individual outside the monotributo who pays VAT, income tax and a fixed monthly pension contribution by category. | Law 24.241; ARCA autonomous values table | Contractors and platform work |
| Autoridad de aplicación | Enforcement authority | The body a law designates to apply and regulate it (for example the Ministry of Economy for the RIGI). | Each law; Decree 749/2024 Annex art. 122 | RIGI |
| AAIP | Agency for Access to Public Information | The national data protection authority. | Decree 746/2017; Law 25.326 | Data protection |
| A3500 (Comunicación "A" 3500) | BCRA wholesale reference exchange rate | Reference rate the BCRA publishes daily, used in many contracts and tax rules. No A3500 value could be captured from the BCRA site for this page. | BCRA Com. A 3500 (unconfirmed) | Export proceeds |
B
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance, estados contables | Financial statements | Annual accounts prepared by management and approved by the ordinary shareholders' meeting; filed with the registry where required. | LGS arts. 62 and 234 | Annual compliance |
| Banco Central (BCRA) | Central Bank of Argentina | Its purpose is to promote monetary and financial stability, employment and economic development with social equity; it regulates banks, payments and FX. | Law 24.144 art. 3 | Exchange controls |
| Banda cambiaria | Exchange rate band | Range within which the official peso rate floats, introduced from 14 April 2025. | BCRA press releases (project source bcra_fase3_2025) | Economy history |
| Beneficiario final | Beneficial owner | Natural person who holds at least 10% of capital or votes, or controls the entity by other means. | Law 25.246 art. 4 bis; UIF Res. 112/2021 art. 2 | Beneficial ownership |
| Bienes Personales | Personal assets tax | Annual national tax on assets held on 31 December; companies pay it as substitute taxpayer on their shareholders' holdings. | Law 23.966 Title VI, art. 25 and article after art. 25 | Individuals and personal assets tax |
| Billetera virtual | Digital wallet | An app through which a PSPCP offers payment accounts; balances are not bank deposits and have no deposit insurance. | BCRA PSP text points 1.4.1 and 4.1.2 | Banking and payments |
| Blanqueo | Tax amnesty for undeclared assets | Popular name of the asset regularisation regime of Law 27.743, Title II. | Law 27.743 Title II | Individuals and personal assets tax |
| Blue (dólar blue) | Informal street dollar | Slang for the unofficial cash rate. Dealing in currency without an authorised entity is an offence. | Law 19.359 (t.o. 1995) arts. 1 and 2 | MEP and CCL |
| Boletín Oficial (BO) | Official Gazette | Where national laws, decrees and resolutions are published; laws take effect after the eighth day unless they set a date. | CCyC art. 5 | Political and legal system |
| Boleto de cambio | FX ticket | The record a bank makes of every exchange, swap or arbitrage trade, showing the concept code. | FX rules points 1.4 and 5.3 | Exchange controls |
| Boleto de compraventa | Preliminary sale contract (real estate) | Private contract signed before the deed; a good faith buyer has priority over later attachments under conditions. | CCyC art. 1170 | Foreign ownership of land |
| BOPREAL | BCRA bonds for the reconstruction of a free Argentina | Dollar bonds issued by the BCRA to importers, service debtors and companies with trapped dividends from 2023. | FX rules points 4.4 to 4.8 | BOPREAL |
| Brecha | FX gap | Market term for the difference between the official rate and the MEP, CCL or blue rate; no legal definition. | None | MEP and CCL |
C
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CABA | Autonomous City of Buenos Aires | The capital city, with its own legislature, courts and taxes; treated like a province for most tax purposes. | CN art. 129 | Political and legal system |
| CAE (Código de Autorización Electrónico) | Electronic authorisation code | Code ARCA assigns to each electronic invoice; without it the invoice has no tax effect for third parties. | RG 4291/2018 art. 12 | VAT |
| Caja de ahorros | Savings account | Deposit account for individuals; companies bank through current accounts. | BCRA Depósitos de ahorro, point 1.2 | Banking and payments |
| Cámara | Chamber | Three meanings: a court of appeals (Cámara de Apelaciones), a house of Congress, or a business association. | Context | Courts |
| Canje | Swap | Exchange of foreign currency between accounts or of securities for external assets; in the FX rules swaps are a reportable FX trade. | FX rules points 1.4, 2.8, 3.14 and 3.16.3 | Exchange controls |
| Carta documento | Certified letter with proof of content | Standard way to give formal notice (dismissal, demand for payment). Resignation must be by telegram or before the labour authority. | LCT art. 240; postal rules (unconfirmed) | Employment contracts and severance |
| Caución | Guarantee, bond | The guarantee directors and managers must give (in CABA free in form and amount, including a sworn undertaking); also short term secured financing on the stock exchange. | LGS art. 256; IGJ Rules art. 70 | SA and SAU |
| CBU (Clave Bancaria Uniforme) | Uniform bank key | The 22 digit identifier of a bank account, used for transfers and direct debits. | BCRA Transferencias, point 2.4.2 | Banking and payments |
| CCL (contado con liquidación) | "Cable" exchange | Buying a security in pesos and selling it for dollars paid abroad; the price ratio is an implied exchange rate. Legal through a CNV broker, but it triggers the 90 day cross restriction for companies. | FX rules point 3.16.3; CNV RG 1062/2025 | MEP and CCL |
| CCT (convenio colectivo de trabajo) | Collective bargaining agreement | Agreement between a union and employers that, once approved (homologated), binds every worker and employer in its scope, members or not. | Law 14.250 arts. 1 and 4 | Collective agreements |
| CCyC | Civil and Commercial Code | The private law code (Law 26.994), in force since 1 August 2015, which merged the old Civil and Commercial Codes. | Law 26.994; Law 27.077 | Argentina in 10 minutes |
| CDI (Clave de Identificación) | Tax identification key without CUIT | Since 2 March 2026 only for diplomatic missions and entities with no tax reason to hold a CUIT (in practice a foreign parent). Individual CDIs convert to CUIT when data change. | ARCA RG 5803/2025 arts. 19, 20 and 33 | CUIT, bank and directors |
| CDI (convenio para evitar la doble imposición) | Double tax treaty | A tax treaty; the same acronym as the tax key. | Each approving law | Tax treaties |
| Cédula | Identity card | Older or foreign ID card; in Argentina the DNI is the mandatory ID. | Law 17.671 art. 13 | Visas and residence |
| CEDEAR | Argentine certificate of deposit for foreign shares | Locally traded certificate representing foreign listed shares. | CNV Rules (unconfirmed) | CNV offerings |
| Cepo | FX controls ("clamp") | Slang for the restrictions on buying foreign currency. The legal source is the BCRA FX rules; there is no statutory "cepo". | FX rules | Exchange controls |
| CER (Coeficiente de Estabilización de Referencia) | Reference Stabilisation Coefficient | Daily CPI linked index published by the BCRA, created in 2002 for pesified debts and used today in indexed bonds and loans. | Decree 214/2002 art. 4 | Economy history |
| Certificación de firma | Signature certification | Notarial certification that a signature is genuine; needed for private instruments filed with the IGJ. | IGJ Rules art. 34 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Cesación de pagos | Cessation of payments (insolvency) | General inability to meet obligations; the precondition for opening insolvency proceedings. | Law 24.522 art. 1 | Insolvency |
| Cheque, echeq | Cheque, electronic cheque | Payment order on a current account; the echeq is its electronic form. | Law 24.452; BCRA Sistema Nacional de Pagos: Cheques | Banking and payments |
| Clave fiscal | ARCA login with security level | Password for ARCA online services; level 3 is needed to register a company and to file with the IGJ. | RG 5048/2021 Annex I; RG 5803/2025 art. 10 | CUIT, bank and directors |
| CNV (Comisión Nacional de Valores) | Securities commission | Regulates public offerings, brokers, mutual funds and virtual asset service providers. | Law 26.831 | CNV offerings |
| Código Aduanero | Customs Code | Law 22.415, the national customs statute. | Law 22.415 | Customs duties |
| Código Fiscal | Tax code (provincial) | Each province's and CABA's code for its own taxes (gross income, stamp, property). | Provincial laws | Gross income tax |
| COMARB (Comisión Arbitral) | Arbitration Commission of the Multilateral Agreement | Body that administers the Convenio Multilateral and its systems (SIFERE, SIRCREB). | Convenio Multilateral | Gross income tax |
| Comunicación "A", "B", "C" | BCRA communications | The BCRA's numbered circulars. In practice "A" series carry rules, "B" series information and "C" series corrections (unconfirmed). | BCRA | Exchange controls |
| Concurso preventivo | Reorganisation proceeding | Court supervised restructuring, broadly comparable to a reorganisation in other systems. | Law 24.522 art. 5 | Insolvency |
| Conformidad previa | Prior approval (BCRA) | Case by case BCRA consent to access the FX market; requested only through an authorised entity. | FX rules points 1.8 and 3.10 | Exchange controls |
| Consumidor final | Final consumer | Buyer that is not a VAT registered business; receives a B invoice. From 1 July 2026 the buyer must be identified when the operation reaches ARS 10,000,000. | RG 1415 art. 15(b); Annex II, A, II(d) | VAT |
| Contador público | Public accountant | University graduate registered with a professional council; signs audit reports and many tax filings. | Law 20.488 (BO 23 Jul 1973) (unconfirmed) | Annual compliance |
| Contrato de trabajo | Employment contract | Contract by which a person works for another under dependence in exchange for pay, whatever its form or name. | LCT art. 21 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Contrato social | Articles of association | The incorporation instrument of an SRL or other company. | LGS art. 11 | SRL |
| Contribuciones patronales | Employer contributions | Employer side social security: 18% or 20.40% unified rate, 6% health, plus ART premium. | Law 27.541 art. 19; Law 23.660 art. 16; Law 24.557 | Payroll |
| Convenio Multilateral (CM) | Multilateral Agreement | Inter provincial agreement that splits the gross income tax base among jurisdictions, as a rule 50% by expenses and 50% by income. | CM arts. 1 and 2 | Gross income tax |
| Coparticipación | Federal tax sharing | System by which national taxes are shared with provinces, which in exchange limit their own taxes. | Law 23.548 art. 9 | Political and legal system |
| Crédito fiscal | Input VAT | VAT invoiced to the taxpayer on purchases and imports, deducted from output VAT. | VAT Law art. 12 | VAT |
| CUIL (Código Único de Identificación Laboral) | Labour identification code | Social security number of every worker; appears on payslips and must be collected by principals from contractors' staff. | LCT art. 30 (as replaced by Law 27.802); issuing norm (unconfirmed) | Payroll |
| CUIT (Clave Única de Identificación Tributaria) | Tax identification number | Eleven digit tax ID of every taxpayer and company; since March 2026 also for non resident individuals. Printed on every invoice. | RG 5803/2025 arts. 6 and 10; RG 1415 Annex II | CUIT, bank and directors |
| Cuenta corriente | Current account | Bank account that allows cheques and overdrafts; the standard account for companies. | BCRA Reglamentación de la cuenta corriente bancaria | Banking and payments |
| Cuenta de pago | Payment account | Peso account offered by a PSPCP; freely available but not a deposit. | BCRA PSP text point 1.4.1 | Banking and payments |
| Cuenta sueldo | Payroll account | Pay must be credited to an account in the worker's name, without limits or costs for the worker. | LCT art. 124 (Law 27.802 art. 35) | Employment contracts and severance |
| Cuotas sociales | Quotas | Ownership units of an SRL, of ARS 10 or multiples. | LGS arts. 146 and 148 | SRL |
| Cuotaparte | Mutual fund unit | Unit of co ownership in a mutual fund (FCI). | Law 24.083 art. 1 | CNV offerings |
| CVU (Clave Virtual Uniforme) | Uniform virtual key | The 22 digit identifier of a payment account at a fintech; works like a CBU for transfers. | BCRA Transferencias, point 2.4.2 | Banking and payments |
D
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDJJ (declaración jurada) | Sworn statement, tax return | Any statement made under oath to an authority; for taxes, the return on which tax is assessed. | LPT art. 11 | Tax procedure |
| Débito fiscal | Output VAT | VAT charged on sales; input VAT is subtracted from it. | VAT Law art. 11 | VAT |
| Decreto | Decree | Act of the President; the implementing decree (reglamentario) may not alter the spirit of the law. | CN art. 99(2) | Political and legal system |
| Decreto delegado | Delegated decree | Decree issued under legislative powers delegated by Congress within set limits. | CN art. 76; Law 26.122 | Political and legal system |
| Denominación social | Company name | The name of an SA, SRL or SAS, which must include the type or its abbreviation. | LGS arts. 11(2) and 164 | SA and SAU |
| Derecho de exportación | Export duty | Duty on exports for consumption; popularly called retenciones, which confuses it with tax withholdings. | CA art. 724 | Customs duties |
| Derecho de importación | Import duty | Duty on imports for consumption, charged on the customs value at the NCM rate. | CA arts. 635 and 642 | Customs duties |
| Despachante de aduana | Customs broker | Individual who files customs declarations for others. Since DNU 70/2023 persons may also file for themselves. | CA arts. 36 and 37 | Importer and exporter registry |
| Despido sin justa causa | Dismissal without cause | Termination by the employer without a legal cause; triggers severance, notice pay and related items. | LCT arts. 231, 232, 233 and 245 | Employment contracts and severance |
| DGI | Directorate General of Taxes | The tax arm of ARCA (the customs arm is the DGA). | Decree 953/2024 (unconfirmed) | Tax procedure |
| Directorio, director | Board of directors, director | Management body of an SA; an absolute majority of directors must reside in Argentina and all must give a local special address. | LGS arts. 255 and 256 | SA and SAU |
| Disposición | Disposition | Rule or decision issued by a directorate (for example DNM or the labour relations directorate), below a resolution in rank. | Each agency's powers | Who regulates what |
| Dividendo | Dividend | Distribution of profits approved by the shareholders; 7% tax for individuals and non residents; FX access rules apply to payments abroad. | ITL art. 97; FX rules point 3.4 | Dividends and profits |
| DNI (Documento Nacional de Identidad) | National identity document | Issued only by RENAPER; mandatory proof of identity; foreign residents receive one. | Law 17.671 arts. 1 and 13; Law 25.871 arts. 30 to 33 | Visas and residence |
| DNM (Dirección Nacional de Migraciones) | National Directorate of Migration | Grants residence, controls borders and keeps the register of employers of foreigners. | Law 25.871 | Visas and residence |
| DNU (decreto de necesidad y urgencia) | Decree of necessity and urgency | Presidential decree with force of law, barred in criminal, tax, electoral and party matters; in force until both chambers reject it. | CN art. 99(3); Law 26.122 arts. 22 and 24 | Political and legal system |
| Dólar MEP | MEP dollar | Buying a security in pesos and selling it for dollars credited in Argentina; the implied rate is quoted daily. | FX rules point 3.16.3; CNV RG 1062/2025 | MEP and CCL |
| Dólar oficial, mayorista, minorista | Official, wholesale, retail dollar | Rates in the MLC: wholesale between entities, retail at bank counters; the price is freely agreed. | FX rules point 1.3 | Exchange controls |
| Domicilio fiscal electrónico | Electronic tax domicile | Mandatory online mailbox where ARCA serves notices; deemed served when opened or at 00:00 on the following Monday. | LPT art. 3 and article after art. 3; RG 4280 art. 7 | CUIT, bank and directors |
| Domicilio especial | Special address for service | Address in Argentina each director must give for notices on their office. | LGS art. 256 | SA and SAU |
| Drawback | Duty drawback | Refund of import duties on inputs incorporated into exported goods. | Decree 1012/1991 | Temporary imports |
E
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ejecución fiscal | Tax collection lawsuit | Summary court procedure ARCA uses to collect taxes, advances, fines and interest. | LPT art. 92 | Tax procedure |
| Ejercicio económico | Financial year | The company's accounting year, closing on the date in the bylaws; the ordinary meeting approves its accounts. | LGS arts. 62 and 234 | Annual compliance |
| Embargo | Attachment, garnishment | Court order freezing assets or bank balances to secure a debt. | Procedural codes (unconfirmed) | Courts |
| Entidad financiera | Financial institution | Bank or other entity licensed by the BCRA to take deposits and lend. | Law 21.526 art. 1 | Banking and payments |
| Escribano, escribana | Notary (civil law notary) | Public official whose deeds and certificates are public instruments with full proof. | CCyC arts. 289, 296 and 299 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Escritura pública | Public deed | The original instrument drawn up in a notary's protocol; required, for example, to incorporate an SA and to transfer real estate. | CCyC art. 299; LGS art. 165 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Estatuto | Bylaws | The charter of an SA or SAS; its content is set by LGS art. 11. | LGS art. 11 | SAS |
| Exento | Exempt | Status of a person or operation that pays no VAT (or other tax); VAT exempt issuers use C invoices. | RG 1415 art. 16 | VAT |
| Expensas | Building service charges | Ordinary and extraordinary charges each unit owner pays for the common parts of a building under horizontal property. | CCyC arts. 2037 and 2048 | Leases |
| Expediente | File, case file | Administrative or court file; most national filings are now electronic (TAD, GDE). | Decree 1759/1972 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Exportación para consumo | Definitive export | Export of goods out of the customs territory for an indefinite time; the event taxed by export duty. | CA arts. 724 and 725 | Customs duties |
F
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factura | Invoice | Mandatory document backing every sale or service, issued progressively and correlatively. | RG 1415 art. 8 | VAT |
| Factura A | Class A invoice | Issued by a VAT registered seller to another VAT registered taxpayer or a monotributista; shows VAT separately. | RG 1415 art. 15(a) | VAT |
| Factura B | Class B invoice | Issued by a VAT registered seller to final consumers, exempt or non registered buyers; VAT included in the price, with "IVA Contenido" shown. | RG 1415 art. 15(b); RG 5614/2024 | VAT |
| Factura C | Class C invoice | Issued by VAT exempt persons and monotributistas; no VAT shown. | RG 1415 art. 16 | VAT |
| Factura E | Class E invoice | Export invoice, with its own numbering. | RG 1415 art. 17 | VAT |
| Factura M | Class M invoice | Invoice class for issuers ARCA has flagged, on which buyers withhold the full VAT and part of income tax (unconfirmed). | RG 1575/2003 (unconfirmed) | VAT |
| Factura de crédito electrónica MiPyME (FCE) | MiPyME electronic credit invoice | Electronic invoice that large buyers must accept or reject in a set term and that becomes a tradable security. | Law 27.440 Title I (unconfirmed) | Banking and payments |
| FAL (Fondos de Asistencia Laboral) | Labour assistance funds | Monthly employer payment of 1% (large companies) or 2.5% (MiPyMEs) into a fund that pays severance, offset against contributions; start date conflict between Decree 1228/2026 and RG 5907/2026. | Law 27.802 arts. 58 to 60 and 76 | Payroll |
| FCI (Fondo Común de Inversión) | Mutual fund | Pool of assets co owned by unit holders, managed by a CNV registered manager. | Law 24.083 art. 1 | CNV offerings |
| Fianza | Suretyship, personal guarantee | A person undertakes to pay if the debtor does not; common in leases. | CCyC art. 1574 | Leases |
| Fideicomiso | Trust | A settlor transfers property to a trustee who holds it for a beneficiary and hands it over at the end. | CCyC art. 1666 | UTE and trusts |
| Firma digital, firma electrónica | Digital signature, electronic signature | A digital signature with a licensed certificate meets the legal requirement of a handwritten signature; a simple electronic signature does not carry the same presumptions. | Law 25.506 arts. 2, 3 and 5 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Fondo de comercio | Business as a going concern | The installations, stock, name, clientele, lease rights and IP of a business; its transfer requires notice in the BO and a waiting period for creditors. | Law 11.867 arts. 1 and 2 | Mergers and spin offs |
| Formulario 931 (F. 931) | Monthly payroll return | Social security return listing every worker, generated in ARCA's "Declaración en línea" and paid by VEP. | RG 5907/2026 arts. 10 and 17 | Payroll |
| Fuero | Court branch | Specialised jurisdiction (commercial, labour, federal administrative, criminal). | Court organisation laws | Courts |
G
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ganancias (Impuesto a las) | Income tax | National tax on income of companies and individuals; companies pay 25%, 30% or 35% by bracket. | ITL arts. 1 and 73 | Corporate income tax |
| Gerente | Manager (of an SRL) | One or more managers, partners or not, run and represent the SRL. | LGS art. 157 | SRL |
| Giro de utilidades | Remittance of profits | Payment of dividends or branch profits abroad through the FX market. | FX rules point 3.4 | Dividends and profits |
| Gravado, no gravado | Taxed, not taxed | Whether an operation falls within a tax at all (no gravado) or is within it and taxed (gravado), as opposed to exempt. | VAT Law art. 1 | VAT |
| Gremio | Union (colloquial) | Common word for a trade union; the legal term is asociación sindical. | Law 23.551 | Collective agreements |
H
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habilitación | Municipal operating permit | Permit to open premises; its fees are municipal charges. | Municipal ordinances (unconfirmed) | Municipal fees |
| Hecho imponible | Taxable event | The fact that triggers a tax (for VAT: sales of movable goods, works, services, imports). | VAT Law art. 1 | VAT |
| Hipoteca | Mortgage | Security right over real estate that stays with the owner; the creditor can pursue and be paid first. | CCyC art. 2205 | Foreign ownership of land |
| Homologación | Approval, ratification | Approval by a court or the labour authority that gives an agreement binding effect (CCTs, out of court restructurings, settlements). | Law 14.250 art. 4; Law 24.522 art. 69 | Collective agreements |
| Honorarios | Fees | Professional fees; for directors, total pay is capped by reference to profits unless the meeting approves more. | LGS art. 261 | SA and SAU |
| Horas extra | Overtime | Work beyond 8 hours a day or 48 a week. | Law 11.544 art. 1 | Employment contracts and severance |
I
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICL (Índice para Contratos de Locación) | Lease contracts index | BCRA index created under the repealed Law 27.551; parties may still choose it. | BCRA ICL series; DNU 70/2023 art. 249 | Leases |
| IGJ (Inspección General de Justicia) | Companies registry and supervisor (CABA) | Keeps the Public Registry in the City of Buenos Aires and supervises stock companies, foreign companies, associations and foundations. | Law 22.315 arts. 1, 3 and 4 | IGJ vs provinces |
| IIBB (Ingresos Brutos) | Gross income tax, turnover tax | Provincial tax on gross receipts of habitual activities, with no credit for tax paid by suppliers. | Law 23.548 art. 9(b)(1); provincial codes | Gross income tax |
| Impuesto al cheque (débitos y créditos) | Bank debit and credit tax | 0.6% on every credit and every debit in a bank account; 33% creditable against income tax as a rule; in force to 31 December 2027. | Law 25.413 art. 1; Decree 380/2001 art. 13 | Bank tax |
| Impuesto PAÍS | PAIS tax | Tax on foreign currency purchases applied from 23 December 2019 to 22 December 2024 inclusive; expired. | Law 27.541; RG 5720/2025 | Customs duties |
| Impuestos internos | Excise taxes | National excise on tobacco, alcohol, luxury goods and others. | Law 24.674 | Excise |
| INDEC | National statistics institute | Publishes CPI (IPC), GDP, trade and labour statistics. | Law 17.622 (unconfirmed) | Data glossary |
| Indemnización por antigüedad | Seniority severance | One month's pay per year of service (or fraction above 3 months) on dismissal without cause, subject to cap and floor. | LCT art. 245 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Indemnización sustitutiva de preaviso | Pay in lieu of notice | Pay for the notice period not given. | LCT art. 232 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Inocencia fiscal | Fiscal innocence | Popular name of Law 27.799 (criminal tax thresholds, 3 year prescription, simplified income tax). | Law 27.799 | Fiscal innocence |
| INPI | National Institute of Industrial Property | Registers trademarks and patents; a trademark is owned through registration, for 10 years renewable. | Law 22.362 arts. 4 and 5 | Imports of services |
| Integración del mes de despido | Pay for the rest of the dismissal month | When the employer dismisses without notice on a day other than month end, it pays salary for the remaining days. | LCT art. 233 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Interés resarcitorio | Late payment interest | Interest due automatically on unpaid taxes from the due date. | LPT art. 37 | Tax procedure |
| Inversión extranjera | Foreign investment | Any capital contribution of foreign investors to economic activity in Argentina or acquisition of shares in a local company. | Law 21.382 art. 2 | Foreign investment regime |
| IPC | Consumer price index | Monthly CPI published by INDEC; used for many updates. | INDEC | Data glossary |
| IVA (Impuesto al Valor Agregado) | Value added tax | National VAT on sales, works, services and imports at 21% as a general rule. | VAT Law arts. 1 and 28 | VAT |
| IVA Contenido | VAT included | Line that consumer invoices must show under the heading "Régimen de Transparencia Fiscal al Consumidor (Ley 27.743)". | RG 5614/2024 arts. 1 and 2 | VAT |
J
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jornada | Working day, working hours | Maximum of 8 hours a day or 48 a week for employees. | Law 11.544 art. 1 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Jubilación | Retirement pension | Pension paid under the integrated pension system (SIPA). | Law 24.241 | Payroll |
| Juicio ejecutivo | Summary enforcement action | Fast lawsuit based on an enforceable title (cheque, promissory note, notarial deed). | National Civil and Commercial Procedure Code (unconfirmed) | Courts |
| Juzgado | First instance court | Court of a single judge; appeals go to the Cámara. | Court organisation laws | Courts |
L
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCT (Ley de Contrato de Trabajo) | Employment Contract Law | Law 20.744 (t.o. 1976), the general private employment statute, heavily amended by Laws 27.742 and 27.802. | Law 20.744 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Legalización | Legalisation | Certification of a public document's signature by the issuing State and the Argentine consulate, needed for countries outside the Apostille Convention. | Law 23.458 art. 2 (contrast) | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Ley | Law, statute | Norm passed by Congress; in force after the eighth day of publication unless it says otherwise. | CCyC art. 5 | Political and legal system |
| Ley Bases | Bases Law | Law 27.742 (BO 8 July 2024): state reform, privatisations, RIGI, labour and energy changes. | Law 27.742 | Argentina in 10 minutes |
| LGS (Ley General de Sociedades) | General Companies Law | Law 19.550 (t.o. 1984), governing SAs, SRLs and other types. | Law 19.550 | SA and SAU |
| Libros societarios | Corporate books | Minutes books, share register and accounting books; private legal persons must keep accounts. | LGS art. 73; CCyC art. 320 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Licencia | Leave | Annual leave (vacaciones) and special leaves (birth, marriage, bereavement). | LCT arts. 150 and 158 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Liquidación de divisas | Conversion of export proceeds | Duty to bring in and sell export proceeds in the FX market. | FX rules section 2 | Export proceeds |
| Liquidación (de sociedad) | Winding up | Phase after dissolution in which a liquidator realises assets; the company keeps its personality for that purpose. | LGS art. 101 | Dissolution |
| Liquidación final | Final settlement | Payment at the end of employment: salary to date, proportional SAC and vacation, and severance items if due. | LCT arts. 123 and 156 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Locación | Lease | Contract granting temporary use of a thing for a money price. | CCyC art. 1187 | Leases |
| Locación de obra, de servicios | Contract for works, for services | Independent contractor agreement, as opposed to employment. | CCyC art. 1251 | Contractors and platform work |
M
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandato | Mandate, agency | Contract by which one party performs legal acts in another's interest; it can be express or tacit. | CCyC art. 1319 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Marca | Trademark | Sign registered with INPI; ownership and exclusive use come from registration; 10 year terms, renewable if used. | Law 22.362 arts. 1, 4 and 5 | Imports of services |
| Mediación prejudicial | Mandatory pre trial mediation | Most civil and commercial claims in national courts in CABA must first go to mediation. | Law 26.589 | Courts |
| Memoria | Directors' annual report | Narrative report on the company's state and outlook accompanying the financial statements. | LGS art. 66 | Annual compliance |
| MEP (Mercado Electrónico de Pagos) | BCRA high value payment system; also "dólar MEP" | Two meanings: the BCRA's interbank settlement system and the bond trade used to buy dollars. | BCRA | MEP and CCL |
| Mercado de cambios, MLC | Official foreign exchange market | The single official FX market, operated through authorised entities. | Decree 260/2002 art. 1; FX rules point 1.1 | Exchange controls |
| Mercosur | Southern Common Market | Customs union of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay (and others as members or associates). | Law 23.981 (Treaty of Asunción) | Mercosur agreements |
| MiPyME, PyME | Micro, small or medium enterprise | Company within sales and staff caps by sector; status gives lower rates, credits and benefits. | Law 24.467 art. 2; SEPyME Res. 220/2019 | RIMI |
| Mínimo no imponible | Non taxable minimum | Personal deduction in income tax (and threshold in personal assets tax). | ITL art. 30 | Individuals and personal assets tax |
| Monotributo | Simplified regime for small taxpayers | Single monthly payment replacing income tax and VAT and including pension and health contributions, by category A to K. | Law 24.977 Annex arts. 2, 6, 8 and 39 | Contractors and platform work |
| Moratoria, plan de facilidades | Tax amnesty, instalment plan | Regime to regularise tax debts with reduced interest and penalties. | Law 27.743 Title I | Tax procedure |
| Multa | Fine | Administrative penalty, for example for late filing or omission. | LPT art. 38 and following | Tax procedure |
| Mutuo | Loan | Contract by which money or fungible things are lent and the same quantity must be returned. | CCyC art. 1525 | Foreign debt registration |
N
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCM (Nomenclatura Común del Mercosur) | Mercosur Common Nomenclature | Eight digit tariff code that determines import duty and other import rules. | Decree 557/2023 | Customs duties |
| Nota de crédito, nota de débito | Credit note, debit note | Documents that reduce or increase an invoiced amount; same class letter as the invoice. | RG 1415 art. 8(a)(5) | VAT |
| Notificación fehaciente | Formal notice with proof | Notice whose delivery and content can be proved (carta documento, telegram, notarial notice). | LCT art. 235 (proof of notice) | Employment contracts and severance |
O
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objeto social | Corporate purpose | Activities the company may pursue; must be precise and determined, though in CABA an SAS may now state "any lawful activity". | LGS art. 11(3); IGJ RG 11/2026 | SAS |
| Obligaciones negociables (ON) | Corporate bonds | Debt securities that SAs, SRLs, cooperatives and branches may issue. | Law 23.576 art. 1 | CNV offerings |
| Obra social | Health insurance fund | Mandatory employee health fund, financed by 6% employer and 3% employee contributions. | Law 23.660 arts. 1 and 16 | Payroll |
P
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pagaré | Promissory note | Unconditional written promise to pay; enforceable by summary action. | Decree Law 5965/1963 (unconfirmed) | Banking and payments |
| PAMI (INSSJP) | Pensioners' health institute | Health system for retirees, funded by a 3% employee contribution and part of the employer rate. | Law 19.032 art. 8 | Payroll |
| PEP (persona expuesta políticamente) | Politically exposed person | Domestic or foreign public officials and related persons subject to enhanced due diligence. | UIF Res. 35/2023 arts. 1 and 2 | AML and KYC |
| Percepción | Tax collected at source by the seller | Amount added to an invoice or import as a prepayment of the buyer's tax. | LPT art. 22 | Withholdings |
| Período de prueba | Probation period | First 6 months of an indefinite contract (up to 8 or 12 months by CCT in small firms); either party may end it without severance. | LCT art. 92 bis | Probation |
| Persona humana, persona jurídica | Natural person, legal person | The CCyC calls individuals "personas humanas"; legal persons are entities the law empowers to hold rights. | CCyC art. 141 | SA and SAU |
| Plazo fijo | Time deposit | Fixed term bank deposit; pays a nominal annual rate. | BCRA Depósitos e inversiones a plazo (unconfirmed) | Banking and payments |
| Poder (general, especial) | Power of attorney (general, special) | Grant of authority to act for another; must take the form required for the act to be performed (a notarial deed for deeds). | CCyC arts. 362, 363 and 375 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Preaviso | Notice of termination | 15 days from the worker; 1 or 2 months from the employer depending on seniority; none during probation. | LCT art. 231 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Prenda | Pledge | Security over movable goods or credits. | CCyC art. 2219 | Foreign debt registration |
| Prescripción | Limitation period | General civil period 5 years; ARCA powers 5 years, or 3 years for compliant filers. | CCyC art. 2560; LPT art. 56 | Fiscal innocence |
| Presunción de laboralidad | Presumption of employment | Services under dependence are presumed employment, but not when invoices are issued and paid through the banking system. | LCT art. 23 (Law 27.802 art. 13) | Contractors and platform work |
| Precios de transferencia | Transfer pricing | Arm's length rules for transactions with related parties and low tax jurisdictions. | ITL (unconfirmed) | Transfer pricing |
| PSP, PSPCP | Payment service provider (offering payment accounts) | Non bank payment firm registered with the BCRA; PSPCPs issue CVUs. | BCRA PSP text point 1.4.1 | Banking and payments |
| Punto de venta | Point of sale number | Number identifying the invoicing channel, printed before each invoice number; enabled in ARCA. | RG 4291/2018 | VAT |
Q
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quiebra | Bankruptcy (liquidation) | Court liquidation of an insolvent debtor, on request of a creditor, the debtor or by conversion of a failed reorganisation. | Law 24.522 art. 77 | Insolvency |
| Quórum | Quorum | For an SA ordinary meeting, a majority of voting shares on first call; any number on second call. | LGS art. 243 | SA and SAU |
R
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RaDEX | Remote residence filing system | The DNM's online platform for residence applications, followed by one appointment for biometrics. | DNM procedure pages | Visas and residence |
| Razón social | Legal name | The registered name of a company or firm. | LGS art. 11(2) | SRL |
| Recibo de sueldo | Payslip | Document the employer must deliver with each payment showing pay items and deductions. | LCT arts. 138 to 140 | Payroll |
| Registro Público | Public Registry (of commerce) | Registry of companies and their acts in each jurisdiction; in CABA the IGJ. | LGS arts. 5 and 7 | IGJ vs provinces |
| Relevamiento de activos y pasivos externos | BCRA survey of external assets and liabilities | Mandatory BCRA report of foreign debts and assets, even without FX access. | FX rules point 1.9 | Foreign debt registration |
| RELI | Lease registry (ARCA) | Voluntary registration of leases, needed only to claim certain tax incentives. | RG 5545/2024 arts. 1 and 3 | Leases |
| Remuneración | Remuneration, pay | What the worker receives under the contract; not below the minimum wage. | LCT art. 103 | Employment contracts and severance |
| RENAPER | National Registry of Persons | Sole issuer of the DNI. | Law 17.671 art. 1 | Visas and residence |
| RENURE | Register of employers of foreigners | DNM register for companies that sponsor foreign workers. | DNM Disp. 3043/2020 | Foreign workers |
| Renuncia | Resignation | Must be sent by the worker by telegram (physical or digital) or made before the labour authority to be valid. | LCT art. 240 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Repatriación | Repatriation (of investment) | Non resident's purchase of foreign currency to take a direct investment out. | FX rules point 3.13 | Repatriation |
| Reserva legal | Legal reserve | At least 5% of annual profits until it reaches 20% of capital (SRL and stock companies). | LGS art. 70 | Dividends and profits |
| Residencia permanente, temporaria, transitoria | Permanent, temporary, transitory residence | The three admission categories for foreigners. | Law 25.871 art. 20 | Visas and residence |
| Resolución General (RG) | General Resolution | Standard regulatory instrument of ARCA, IGJ, CNV and other agencies; numbered by year. | Each agency's statute | Who regulates what |
| Responsable inscripto (RI) | VAT registered taxpayer | Taxpayer registered for VAT; issues A invoices to other RIs and B invoices to consumers. | RG 1415 art. 15 | VAT |
| Retención | Withholding | Tax deducted by the payer from a payment. | LPT art. 22 | Withholdings |
| Retenciones (agro) | Export duties (slang) | Everyday name for export duties; not a withholding. | CA art. 724 | Agribusiness |
| RIGI | Incentive Regime for Large Investments | Tax, customs and FX incentives and stability for projects of at least USD 200 million through a single project vehicle. | Law 27.742 arts. 164 and 173 | RIGI |
| RIMI | Incentive Regime for Medium Investments | Smaller counterpart of the RIGI created in 2026. | Law 27.802 Title XXIII; Decree 242/2026 | RIMI |
| RNR | National Criminal Records Registry | Issues the criminal record certificate required for residence and customs profiles. | RNR service pages | Visas and residence |
| Rubricación | Book stamping | Authentication of corporate books by the registry before use (or digital books). | IGJ Rules art. 395; Law 27.349 art. 58 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
S
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA (sociedad anónima) | Corporation | Company with share capital; minimum ARS 30,000,000; incorporated by public deed. | LGS arts. 163, 165 and 186 | SA and SAU |
| SAU (sociedad anónima unipersonal) | Single shareholder corporation | An SA with one shareholder; capital fully paid at start; always under state supervision. | LGS arts. 1, 11(4) and 299(7) | SA and SAU |
| SAS (sociedad por acciones simplificada) | Simplified stock company | Flexible company under Law 27.349, minimum capital two SMVM, digital books. | Law 27.349 arts. 33, 40 and 58 | SAS |
| SRL (sociedad de responsabilidad limitada) | Limited liability company | Company with quotas, up to 50 partners, run by managers. | LGS arts. 146 to 162 | SRL |
| Salario Mínimo, Vital y Móvil (SMVM) | National minimum wage | Lowest monthly pay for a full time worker; ARS 391,200 from 1 October 2026. | LCT art. 116; CNEPYSMVYM Res. 4/2026 | Employment contracts and severance |
| Sede social | Registered office | Street address of the company; notices served there are valid. | LGS art. 11(2) | SRL |
| Sellos (Impuesto de) | Stamp tax | Provincial tax on onerous acts put in writing in an enforceable instrument. | Law 23.548 art. 9(b)(2) | Stamp tax |
| SIFERE | Multilateral gross income tax filing system | COMARB system for CM monthly and annual returns. | RG CA 16/2016 art. 1 | Gross income tax |
| Síndico | Statutory auditor; insolvency trustee | In companies, the supervisory officer appointed by the meeting; in insolvency, the court appointed accountant. | LGS art. 284; Law 24.522 | SA and SAU |
| Sindicato | Trade union | Union; one with personería gremial may sign CCTs. | Law 23.551 | Collective agreements |
| SIPA | Integrated pension system | The national pay as you go pension system. | Law 24.241 | Payroll |
| SIRCREB | Bank account gross income withholding system | Provinces withhold IIBB on credits to bank accounts through COMARB. | RG CA 104/2004 | Gross income tax |
| Sociedad de la Sección IV | Informal or irregular company | Company not formed under a legal type or missing essential requirements. | LGS art. 21 | SRL |
| Sociedad extranjera | Foreign company | Governed by its home law; registers a branch for habitual activity or under art. 123 to hold local shares. | LGS arts. 118 and 123 | Branch |
| Sucursal | Branch | Local establishment of a foreign company, registered with the Public Registry. | LGS art. 118 | Branch |
| Sueldo bruto, sueldo neto | Gross pay, net pay | Gross before employee contributions and income tax; net is what is credited. | LCT art. 103 | Payroll |
| Sujeto obligado | Reporting entity (AML) | Banks, brokers, notaries, accountants and others who must apply KYC and report to the UIF. | Law 25.246 art. 20 | AML and KYC |
T
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAD (Trámites a Distancia) | Remote procedures platform | National government online filing platform (apostilles, many registrations). | Decree 1759/1972; Decree 172/2019 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Tasa | Fee (charge for a service) | Unlike an impuesto, a tasa should pay for a specific service; municipal fees are the main source of disputes. | CSJN case law; municipal ordinances | Municipal fees |
| Tasa de justicia | Court filing fee | Fee paid when filing a claim in national courts. | Law 23.898 | Courts |
| Texto ordenado (t.o.) | Consolidated text | Official consolidation of a law or rule with its amendments (for example ITL t.o. 2019). | Decree 824/2019 | Corporate income tax |
| TFN (Tribunal Fiscal de la Nación) | National Tax Court | Administrative court reviewing ARCA assessments and penalties; appeal within 15 business days. | LPT arts. 4 and 76 | Tax procedure |
| Tipo de cambio | Exchange rate | Price of foreign currency; in the MLC freely agreed. | FX rules point 1.3 | Exchange controls |
| TNA, TEA | Nominal annual rate, effective annual rate | How banks quote interest; the effective rate includes compounding. | BCRA transparency rules (unconfirmed) | Banking and payments |
| Traductor público | Sworn translator | Licensed translator whose Spanish translation must accompany foreign documents filed with public bodies. | Law 20.305 art. 6 | Notaries, apostilles and books |
| Transferencia inmediata | Instant transfer | Transfer available 24 hours every day and settled within 15 seconds, in pesos and dollars. | BCRA Transferencias points 2.2.3 and 2.2.9 | Banking and payments |
| Transparencia fiscal al consumidor | Consumer tax transparency | Regime requiring consumer invoices to show VAT and other indirect national taxes included in the price. | Law 27.743 Title VII; RG 5614/2024 | VAT |
U
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UIF (Unidad de Información Financiera) | Financial Intelligence Unit | Analyses suspicious transaction reports and issues AML rules for each sector. | Law 25.246 arts. 5 and 6 | AML and KYC |
| UMSM | Migration service unit | Unit for DNM fees; 1 UMSM = ARS 1,000. | Decree 584/2024 art. 2 | Visas and residence |
| Usufructo | Usufruct | Right to use and enjoy another's property without altering its substance. | CCyC art. 2129 | Foreign ownership of land |
| UTE (unión transitoria) | Contractual joint venture | Contract to carry out specific works, services or supplies; not a company or legal person. | CCyC arts. 1442 and 1463 | UTE and trusts |
| UVA (Unidad de Valor Adquisitivo) | Purchasing power unit | BCRA inflation indexed unit used for loans and deposits; Law 27.799 uses it to update its thresholds from 2027. | Law 27.799 art. 43; BCRA defining communication (unconfirmed) | Banking and payments |
V
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vacaciones | Annual paid leave | 14, 21, 28 or 35 calendar days by seniority; paid at monthly pay divided by 25 per day. | LCT arts. 150 and 155 | Employment contracts and severance |
| VEP (Volante Electrónico de Pago) | Electronic payment slip | ARCA payment order paid through home banking. | RG 5907/2026 art. 17 | Payroll |
| Vigencia | Entry into force, validity | The date from which a norm applies, or the term a document is valid. | CCyC art. 5 | Political and legal system |
| VPU (Vehículo de Proyecto Único) | Single project vehicle | The company that holds a RIGI project and nothing else. | Law 27.742 art. 169 | RIGI |
Z
| Spanish | English | Plain explanation | Norm | Guide page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zona franca | Free trade zone | Area outside the customs territory for duty purposes. | Law 24.331 | Temporary imports |
| Zona de seguridad de fronteras | Border security zone | Border strip where acquisitions of real estate by foreigners need prior consent. | Decree Law 15.385/1944 | Border zones |
Decoding example 1: a sentence from the BCRA FX rules, term by term
The sentence below is point 3.10 of the BCRA consolidated text "Exterior y Cambios" (t.o. 14 September 2026). It is the single rule most often behind the phrase "companies are still under the cepo".
"El acceso al mercado de cambios por parte de personas jurídicas que no sean entidades autorizadas a operar en cambios, gobiernos locales, Fondos Comunes de Inversión, Fideicomisos y otras universalidades constituidas en el país, requerirá la conformidad previa del BCRA para la formación de activos externos (códigos de conceptos A01, A02, A03, A04, A06, A07, A08, A09, A14 y A24) y para la operatoria con derivados (código de concepto A05) en la medida que no encuadre en el punto 3.12.1."
| Spanish fragment | Glossary term | What it means here |
|---|---|---|
| acceso al mercado de cambios | Mercado de cambios (MLC) | Buying foreign currency in the official market through a bank (point 1.1); not MEP or CCL, which are securities trades. |
| personas jurídicas | Persona jurídica | Any company (SA, SRL, SAS), association or foundation (CCyC art. 141). |
| que no sean entidades autorizadas a operar en cambios | Entidad financiera | Banks and exchange houses are excluded because they have their own rules. |
| gobiernos locales | Provincia, CABA, municipio | Provinces, CABA and municipalities are caught too. |
| Fondos Comunes de Inversión | FCI | Mutual funds (Law 24.083 art. 1). |
| Fideicomisos | Fideicomiso | Trusts constituted in Argentina (CCyC art. 1666). |
| otras universalidades constituidas en el país | n/a | Catch all for other estates or pools without legal personality. |
| requerirá la conformidad previa del BCRA | Conformidad previa | Case by case approval, requested only through an authorised bank (point 1.8). In practice this means "not available as of right". |
| formación de activos externos | Activos externos, formación de | Buying currency to hold it, deposit it abroad or invest it abroad (savings), as opposed to paying a debt, an import or a dividend. |
| códigos de conceptos A01... A24 | Boleto de cambio | Each FX ticket carries a concept code; these codes identify savings and investment purchases (point 5.3 on boletos). |
| operatoria con derivados (código A05) | n/a | Purchases to settle derivatives, unless the hedging exception in point 3.12.1 applies. |
| en la medida que no encuadre en el punto 3.12.1 | n/a | Cross reference: the specific exception prevails over the general rule. |
Plain English: "Companies, provinces, mutual funds, trusts and similar entities set up in Argentina may not buy dollars in the official market to save or invest abroad, or to settle most derivatives, unless the BCRA approves each case." Resident individuals are under a different point (3.8) and, since 14 April 2025, can buy without a cap if they meet its conditions (Com. A 8226). What this sentence does not say is just as important: it does not stop a company from paying imports, services, debt or dividends through the MLC; those have their own points (3.1 to 3.5) and the sworn statements of point 3.16.
A second, shorter fragment shows the cross restriction vocabulary (point 3.16.3.1): "en el día en que solicita el acceso al mercado y en los 90 (noventa) días corridos anteriores... no ha concertado ventas en el país de títulos valores con liquidación en moneda extranjera; no ha realizado canjes de títulos valores emitidos por residentes por activos externos". Decoded: días corridos are calendar days, not business days; ventas de títulos valores con liquidación en moneda extranjera are the sale leg of a MEP or CCL trade; canjes... por activos externos are swaps of local securities for foreign assets. A company that did a CCL trade on 1 October 2026 cannot access the MLC for, say, an import payment until 90 calendar days have passed without needing BCRA approval.
Step by step
- Identify the issuer. The heading tells you the rank: Ley, Decreto, DNU, Resolución General (ARCA, IGJ, CNV, UIF), Comunicación "A" (BCRA), Disposición (directorate). Check the Norm column for the matching entry.
- Check that the text is current. On Infoleg use the "texto actualizado" when it exists; on the BCRA site use the consolidated text (texto ordenado) and note its date and "última comunicación incorporada". A law is in force after the eighth day of publication unless it says otherwise (CCyC art. 5).
- Mark every defined term. BCRA texts define terms in their first section (for example "mercado de cambios", "entidades" and "clientes" in FX rules points 1.1 and 1.2). Laws define them in early articles (Law 21.382 art. 2; ITL art. 73 for "sociedades de capital").
- Look up each acronym in this glossary, then follow the guide link for the operative rule.
- Watch for double meanings: retenciones, MEP, CDI, cámara, síndico, caución.
- Convert amounts with a date. Write the peso figure, the date of the rule and the conversion rate used. Thresholds update often (SMVM monthly, monotributo every January and July, income tax scales yearly).
- Keep the source. Save the BO page or Infoleg link; foreign counterparties and auditors usually ask for it.
Time: minutes per document once the vocabulary is familiar. Cost: none, all official sources are free online. Online vs paper: everything cited here is published online (BO, Infoleg, argentina.gob.ar/normativa, bcra.gob.ar, arca.gob.ar).
Costs and timelines
Table 1. Rates and thresholds that define common terms
| Term | Figure | Effective | Norm | USD at MEP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVA, general rate | 21% | in force | VAT Law art. 28 | n/a |
| IVA, reduced rate | 50% of general (10.5%) | in force | VAT Law art. 28 | n/a |
| IVA, increased rate (gas, electricity, water to registered buyers) | 27% | in force | VAT Law art. 28 | n/a |
| Ganancias, companies, first bracket | 25% up to ARS 133,514,185.74 | fiscal years from 1 Jan 2026 | ITL art. 73; ARCA scale 2026 | US$85,372.59 |
| Ganancias, companies, top bracket | 35% above ARS 1,335,141,857.38 | fiscal years from 1 Jan 2026 | ITL art. 73; ARCA scale 2026 | US$853,725.85 |
| Dividends to individuals and non residents | 7% | in force | ITL art. 97 | n/a |
| Impuesto al cheque | 0.6% on credits and 0.6% on debits; 1.2% on cash withdrawals (with exceptions) | in force to 31 Dec 2027 | Law 25.413 art. 1; Law 27.702 art. 1 | n/a |
| Income tax withholding on services, code 94, registered payee | 2% over ARS 67,170 per month | in force | RG 830 Anexo VIII (RG 4525 image) | US$42.95 |
| Consumer final invoice: buyer ID required | from ARS 10,000,000 | 1 Jul 2026 | RG 1415 Anexo II, A, II(d) (RG 5866/2026) | US$6,394.27 |
| SA minimum capital | ARS 30,000,000 | since BO 1 Mar 2024 | LGS art. 186; Decree 209/2024 | US$19,182.81 |
| SA state supervision trigger (capital) | above ARS 2,000,000,000 | in force | LGS art. 299(2); MJ Res. 10/2024 | US$1,278,854 |
| SAS minimum capital | 2 x SMVM = ARS 782,400 | October 2026 | Law 27.349 art. 40 | US$500.29 |
| SRL quota value | ARS 10 or multiples | in force | LGS art. 148 | n/a |
| Legal reserve | 5% of profits until 20% of capital | in force | LGS art. 70 | n/a |
| SMVM monthly (full time) | ARS 391,200 | 1 Oct 2026 | CNEPYSMVYM Res. 4/2026 art. 1(b) | US$250.14 |
| Monotributo, top category K (services) | gross income up to ARS 126,610,838.75 a year; payment ARS 1,614,446.04 a month | from 1 Aug 2026 | Law 24.977 Annex; ARCA table | US$80,958.40; US$1,032.32 |
| RIGI minimum investment | USD 200,000,000 | in force | Law 27.742 art. 173 | n/a |
| Beneficial owner threshold | 10% of capital or votes, or control | in force | UIF Res. 112/2021 art. 2 | n/a |
| Residence fee (most nationalities) | 100 UMSM = ARS 100,000 | in force | Decree 584/2024 arts. 2 and 5 | US$63.94 |
| BCRA cross restriction window | 90 calendar days before and after | in force | FX rules points 3.16.3.1 and 3.16.3.2 | n/a |
Table 2. Deadlines that come with the vocabulary
| Term | Deadline | Norm |
|---|---|---|
| Aguinaldo, first instalment | 30 June | LCT art. 122 |
| Aguinaldo, second instalment | 18 December | LCT art. 122 |
| Shareholders' meeting minutes (SA) | drawn up and signed within 5 days | LGS art. 73 |
| Appeal to the Tribunal Fiscal | 15 administrative business days from notice | Law 11.683 arts. 4 and 76 |
| Change of beneficial owner, notice to each reporting party | 30 calendar days | UIF Res. 112/2021 art. 5 |
| Beneficial owner information regimes (RG 4697 and RG 3312) | 28, 29 or 30 July of the following year by CUIT ending | RG 4697 art. 7; RG 3312 art. 5 |
| Company CUIT, report registration data after provisional CUIT | 90 calendar days, extendable once by 90 | RG 5803/2025 art. 12 |
| Electronic tax domicile, deemed service | on opening or at 00:00 on the Monday after availability | RG 4280 art. 7 |
| Invoice for sale of goods | issue by last day of month of delivery; deliver within 10 calendar days | RG 1415 art. 13 |
| Lease registration in RELI (voluntary, for incentives) | 15 calendar days after signing | RG 5545/2024 art. 3 |
| Goodwill transfer notice | 5 days in the BO before transfer (plus other steps) | Law 11.867 art. 2 |
| Prescription of ARCA powers | 5 years, or 3 years for compliant filers | Law 11.683 art. 56 (Law 27.799 art. 30) |
Table 3. Timeline of norms that created or changed the terms
| Date (BO) | Norm | What it did to the vocabulary |
|---|---|---|
| 13 Jan 2003 | AFIP RG 1415/2003 | Invoice classes A, B, C, E; data on invoices |
| 28 Jul 2006 | Law 26.122 | Procedure for congressional control of DNUs and delegated decrees |
| 8 Oct 2014 | Law 26.994 | Approved the CCyC (fideicomiso, UTE, mandato, locación definitions) |
| 12 Apr 2017 | Law 27.349 | Created the SAS |
| 3 Aug 2018 | AFIP RG 4291/2018 | Electronic invoicing regime and CAE |
| 21 Dec 2023 | DNU 70/2023 | Deregulation; leases freedom of contract; end of importer registry |
| 1 Mar 2024 | Decree 209/2024 | SA minimum capital ARS 30,000,000 |
| 8 Jul 2024 | Laws 27.742 (Bases) and 27.743 (fiscal measures) | RIGI; labour reforms; consumer tax transparency (Title VII of 27.743) |
| 25 Oct 2024 | Decree 953/2024 | AFIP dissolved, ARCA created |
| 13 Dec 2024 | ARCA RG 5614/2024 | "IVA Contenido" on consumer invoices |
| 14 Apr 2025 (effective) | BCRA Com. A 8226 | Individuals freed from FX caps; new band regime context |
| 26 Sep 2025 (effective) | BCRA Com. A 8336 | 90 day promise for individuals buying official dollars |
| 24 Dec 2025 | ARCA RG 5803/2025 (in force 2 Mar 2026) | CUIT for non resident individuals; CDI limited |
| 2 Jan 2026 | Law 27.799 | Fiscal innocence; 3 year prescription for compliant taxpayers |
| 6 Mar 2026 | Law 27.802 | Labour modernisation; FAL; RIMI; new LCT arts. 23, 231, 245 |
| 29 Jun 2026 | ARCA RG 5866/2026 (effective 1 Jul 2026) | Final consumer ID threshold ARS 10,000,000 |
| 22 Sep 2026 | IGJ RG 11/2026 | "Any lawful activity" purpose for SAS in CABA; no mandatory precalification |
| 1 Sep 2026 (dated) | CNEPYSMVYM Res. 4/2026 | SMVM schedule September to December 2026 |
Worked examples
Example 2: an invoice decoded term by term, with the numbers
Facts. Consultora Sur SRL, a VAT registered (responsable inscripto) consulting firm in CABA, invoices Industrias Norte SA, also responsable inscripto, for consulting services in October 2026. Net price ARS 2,000,000. Electronic invoice issued through ARCA's "Comprobantes en línea" service. No other payment from Industrias Norte to Consultora Sur in the month. The figures are illustrative.
Step 1. Which class of invoice? Seller and buyer are both VAT registered, so the invoice is Factura A (RG 1415 art. 15(a)). Had the buyer been an individual consumer it would be a Factura B showing "IVA Contenido" (art. 15(b); RG 5614/2024). Had the seller been a monotributista, it would be a Factura C with no VAT (art. 16).
Step 2. What the header must show (RG 1415 Annex II, A, I and II):
| Field on the invoice | Spanish label | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Letter "A" and type code | Factura A, código 01 | Class and ARCA type code (unconfirmed) |
| Seller's legal name, address | Razón social, domicilio comercial | Issuer identity |
| Seller's CUIT | C.U.I.T. | Eleven digit tax ID |
| Gross income tax number | Ingresos Brutos N° or Convenio Multilateral | Provincial registration |
| VAT status | IVA RESPONSABLE INSCRIPTO | Legend required by Annex II |
| Start of activities | Inicio de actividades | Date the point of sale or establishment began |
| Point of sale and number | Punto de venta 0003, Comp. N° 00000125 | Invoicing channel and correlative number |
| Date | Fecha de emisión | Issue date |
| Buyer's name, address, CUIT and VAT status | IVA RESPONSABLE INSCRIPTO | Required for class A |
| Authorisation code and expiry | C.A.E. N°... Fecha de Vto.... | ARCA authorisation; without it no tax effect (RG 4291 art. 12) |
Step 3. The amounts.
| Line | Spanish label | ARS | US$ at 1,563.90 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net taxable amount | Importe neto gravado | 2,000,000.00 | 1,278.85 |
| VAT 21% | IVA 21% | 420,000.00 | 268.56 |
| Total | Importe total | 2,420,000.00 | 1,547.41 |
VAT is 2,000,000 x 21% = 420,000 (VAT Law art. 28). For the seller the 420,000 is débito fiscal (art. 11); for the buyer it is crédito fiscal it can deduct (art. 12).
Step 4. What the payer withholds. Industrias Norte is a withholding agent for income tax under RG 830 (it is an SA, RG 830 art. 4). Consulting is code 94 ("locaciones de obra y/o servicios no ejecutados en relación de dependencia"), 2% for a registered payee over a monthly non taxable amount of ARS 67,170 (RG 830 Anexo VIII, image of RG 4525 updated):
- Base: 2,000,000 minus 67,170 = 1,932,830 (VAT excluded from the base).
- Withholding: 1,932,830 x 2% = ARS 38,656.60 (US$24.72).
- Paid to the seller: 2,420,000 minus 38,656.60 = ARS 2,381,343.40 (US$1,522.70).
The seller credits the 38,656.60 against its own income tax with the withholding certificate. A VAT withholding (RG 2854) and a provincial gross income tax withholding may also apply depending on the buyer's agent status; they are left out of the arithmetic.
Step 5. The bank tax on the way in. When the 2,381,343.40 is credited to Consultora Sur's current account, the bank collects 0.6% under the bank debit and credit tax: 2,381,343.40 x 0.6% = ARS 14,288.06 (US$9.14) (Law 25.413 art. 1(a)). The buyer's bank collects another 0.6% on the debit side. As a general rule 33% of the tax is creditable against income tax (Decree 380/2001 art. 13).
Result. Of an invoice of ARS 2,420,000, the seller sees ARS 2,367,055.34 in its account after the income tax withholding and the bank tax on the credit, before any IIBB withholding (SIRCREB) and before paying the 420,000 of VAT to ARCA.
Example 3: a final settlement (liquidación final) decoded
Facts. An employee hired on 1 March 2021 is dismissed without cause (despido sin justa causa) without notice (sin preaviso) on 15 October 2026. Best monthly normal and habitual pay (mejor remuneración mensual, normal y habitual): ARS 2,400,000 (US$1,534.62). Assume this is below the CCT cap of art. 245 (unconfirmed). Vacations for 2026 not yet taken.
| Item | Spanish label | Calculation | ARS | US$ | Norm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salary 1 to 15 October | Días trabajados | 2,400,000 x 15/31 | 1,161,290.32 | 742.56 | LCT art. 103 |
| Seniority severance | Indemnización por antigüedad | 5 years and 7.5 months: the fraction exceeds 3 months, so 6 x 2,400,000 | 14,400,000.00 | 9,207.75 | LCT art. 245 |
| Pay in lieu of notice | Indemnización sustitutiva de preaviso | Seniority above 5 years: 2 months x 2,400,000 | 4,800,000.00 | 3,069.25 | LCT arts. 231(b) and 232 |
| Rest of dismissal month | Integración mes de despido | 16 days (16 to 31 October): 2,400,000 x 16/31 | 1,238,709.68 | 792.06 | LCT art. 233 |
| Proportional 13th salary | SAC proporcional | Pay accrued 1 July to 15 October: (3 x 2,400,000 + 1,161,290.32)/12 | 696,774.19 | 445.54 | LCT art. 123 |
| Proportional vacation | Vacaciones no gozadas | 21 days (seniority above 5 years at 31 December) x 288/365 = 16.57 days x (2,400,000/25) | 1,590,706.85 | 1,017.14 | LCT arts. 150, 155 and 156 |
| Total gross | 23,887,481.04 | 15,274.30 |
Notes on the vocabulary: SAC, vacation pay and non monthly bonuses are excluded from the art. 245 base since Law 27.802 (LCT art. 245, second paragraph). Whether SAC is also owed on the notice pay and the month integration, and whether vacation days are computed by calendar or working days in the proportional formula, are practice points the sources do not settle (unconfirmed). Social security contributions and income tax apply to the salary items but not to severance in the general rule (Law 24.241 art. 7 excludes severance from the contribution base) (unconfirmed). If the employer has joined a FAL, the fund can pay the severance (LCT art. 245, last paragraphs; Law 27.802 arts. 58 to 60).
Example 4: what the capital words cost
| Company type | Rule | Minimum in ARS | US$ | Paid in at signing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | Capital social mínimo (LGS art. 186; Decree 209/2024) | 30,000,000 | 19,182.81 | 25% of cash = 7,500,000 (US$4,795.70); SAU 100% |
| SAS | Two SMVM (Law 27.349 art. 40; SMVM ARS 391,200 from 1 Oct 2026) | 782,400 | 500.29 | 25% of cash = 195,600 (US$125.07) |
| SAS formed in November 2026 | Two SMVM at ARS 398,800 | 797,600 | 510.01 | 25% = 199,400 (US$127.50) |
| SRL | No legal minimum; quotas of ARS 10 or multiples (LGS art. 148) | none | none | 25% of cash (LGS art. 149) |
The SA 25% figure follows LGS arts. 166(2) and 187 as described on the SA page; the SAS 25% follows Law 27.349 art. 41.
Practical traps
- "Retenciones" is two different things. In a farm or export context it means export duties (CA art. 724); in an invoice or payment context it means tax withheld (LPT art. 22). Ask which one.
- "MEP" in a bank form may not be the dólar MEP. The BCRA's Mercado Electrónico de Pagos is an interbank payment system; the dólar MEP is a securities trade. See the MEP and CCL page.
- "CDI" no longer means what older guides say for individuals. Since 2 March 2026 a foreign individual director or shareholder needs a CUIT (RG 5803/2025 art. 6). Bank and registry forms printed earlier may still ask for a CDI.
- "AFIP" in a contract or form. Not an error, but update templates to ARCA; Decree 953/2024 dissolved AFIP.
- "Factura B" is not a lesser invoice. A business that receives a B invoice cannot deduct the VAT; if you are VAT registered, give your CUIT and ask for an A invoice.
- Consumer invoices now need ID above ARS 10,000,000. Since 1 July 2026 (RG 1415 Annex II, as amended by RG 5866/2026).
- "Cuotas" vs "acciones". An SRL has quotas, an SA or SAS has shares; IGJ filings and transfer rules differ.
- "Días" in tax law are business days. Law 11.683 art. 4 counts only administrative business days; the BCRA's 90 day rule counts calendar days (días corridos).
- Severance vocabulary changed in March 2026. Older texts that include SAC in the severance base or speak of statutory fines for unregistered work describe repealed rules.
- The minimum wage moves monthly in late 2026. The SAS minimum capital changes with it (Law 27.349 art. 40).
- Not every term has a legal definition. Cepo, blue, brecha and cueva are slang; contracts should refer to the BCRA rules instead.
- Provincial terms differ. The IIBB rate, the stamp tax rate and the name of the local tax agency (AGIP in CABA, ARBA in Buenos Aires Province) depend on the jurisdiction (unconfirmed).
Recent changes
- 25 October 2024: Decree 953/2024 dissolves AFIP and creates ARCA.
- 13 December 2024: RG 5614/2024: consumer invoices show "IVA Contenido" and "Otros Impuestos Nacionales Indirectos".
- 22 December 2024: last day of the PAIS tax (as recited in RG 5720/2025).
- 14 April 2025: Com. A 8226 frees resident individuals from FX caps; the exchange band starts.
- 26 September 2025: Com. A 8336 restores the 90 day securities promise for individuals buying official dollars.
- 2 January 2026: Law 27.799 in force (3 year prescription for compliant taxpayers).
- 6 March 2026: Law 27.802 published: new LCT arts. 23, 124, 231(b), 245; FAL; RIMI.
- 2 March 2026: RG 5803/2025 in force: CUIT for non resident individuals.
- 1 July 2026: final consumer ID threshold ARS 10,000,000 (RG 5866/2026).
- 22 September 2026: IGJ RG 11/2026: "any lawful activity" purpose for SAS in CABA.
- 1 September to 1 December 2026: four SMVM steps (Res. 4/2026).
Pending changes
- FAL start date. Decree 1228/2026 sets 1 December 2026; ARCA RG 5907/2026 starts collection with the November 2026 period. The conflict is unresolved in the sources (unconfirmed).
- Platform work regime. Law 27.802 Title XII has no implementing regulation in the sources (unconfirmed).
- Collective agreement contribution cap. The 2% cap on solidarity contributions (Law 14.250 art. 9 as replaced) is suspended by injunction for CCT 130/75 and CCT 781/20 (unconfirmed).
- Law 26.122 reform. No amending law appears on Infoleg as of 26 October 2026.
- Data protection bill. The AAIP publishes a draft new personal data law; not enacted (unconfirmed).
- SA minimum capital update. The Executive may update ARS 30,000,000 at any time (LGS art. 186).
FAQ
1. Is ARCA the same as AFIP? Legally ARCA is a new entity that replaced AFIP (Decree 953/2024 arts. 1 and 2). In practice it took over AFIP's functions, staff systems and resolutions; references to AFIP in RG 1415, 3561 and 4291 are read as references to ARCA (RG 5614/2024 art. 7).
2. What is the difference between CUIT, CUIL and CDI? CUIT is the tax ID of anyone with tax obligations, including companies and, since March 2026, non resident individuals. CUIL is the worker's social security number. CDI is now a residual key for diplomatic missions and entities with no tax reason to hold a CUIT (RG 5803/2025 arts. 6, 19 and 20).
3. What does "cepo" mean legally? Nothing; it is slang. The legal rules are the BCRA "Exterior y Cambios" text. For companies the main remaining restriction is BCRA prior approval to buy currency for savings or investment abroad (point 3.10) and the 90 day cross restriction (point 3.16.3).
4. Are dólar MEP and CCL legal? Yes, when done through a CNV registered broker, because they are securities trades, not FX trades outside the market. Using informal dealers is an offence under the Criminal Exchange Regime (Law 19.359 arts. 1 and 2). Companies that use MEP or CCL lose MLC access for 90 days.
5. Is the aguinaldo a bonus I can negotiate away? No. It is a statutory part of pay: one twelfth of annual remuneration, paid on 30 June and 18 December (LCT arts. 121 and 122).
6. What is the difference between an SA, an SRL and an SAS? Shares and a board for the SA (minimum ARS 30,000,000); quotas and managers for the SRL (no minimum, up to 50 partners); a flexible Law 27.349 company for the SAS (two minimum wages). See the entity pages linked in the glossary.
7. Who is an "escribano" and do I need one? A notary is a public official whose deeds are public instruments (CCyC arts. 289 and 299). You need one for SA incorporations, real estate transfers, many powers of attorney and signature certifications for the IGJ.
8. What is a DNU and can Congress overturn it? A decree with force of law issued by the President in urgent circumstances, excluding criminal, tax, electoral and party matters (CN art. 99(3)). It stays in force unless both chambers expressly reject it (Law 26.122 arts. 22 and 24).
9. What are "expensas" in a lease? Charges for the common parts of a building under horizontal property (CCyC art. 2048). Leases should say who pays ordinary and extraordinary expensas.
10. What do the letters on an invoice mean? A: between VAT registered parties, VAT shown; B: to consumers and exempt buyers, VAT included; C: issued by monotributistas and exempt persons; E: exports (RG 1415 arts. 15 to 17).
11. What is RaDEX? The DNM's online residence application system; after filing, the applicant attends one appointment for biometrics and originals.
12. Where do I find the official text of a rule mentioned here? Infoleg (servicios.infoleg.gob.ar), argentina.gob.ar/normativa, the Boletín Oficial site, bcra.gob.ar for consolidated BCRA texts and biblioteca.arca.gob.ar for ARCA resolutions. The Sources list below gives the URLs used for this page.
Published 27 Oct 2026 from our research draft. Points marked (unconfirmed) have not yet been checked line by line against the official text; rely on the primary sources linked below before acting, and expect this page to change as we verify it.
Primary sources
- Constitution of the Argentine Nation, arts. 43, 75, 76, 99, 129
- Civil and Commercial Code, Law 26.994, arts. 5, 141, 289, 296, 299, 320, 362, 363, 765, 1170, 1187, 1198, 1251, 1319, 1442, 1463, 1525, 1574, 1666, 2037, 2048, 2129, 2205, 2219, 25
- General Companies Law 19.550, arts. 1, 5, 7, 10, 11, 21, 62, 66, 70, 73, 101, 118, 123, 146, 148, 157, 163, 186, 234, 235, 243, 255, 261, 284, 299
- Law 27.349 (SAS)
- Law 22.315 (IGJ), arts. 1, 3, 4
- Employment Contract Law 20.744, arts. 21, 23, 92 bis, 103, 116, 121 to 124, 150, 155, 156, 231 to 233, 240, 245
- Law 27.802, Labour Modernisation (BO 6 March 2026)
- Tax Procedure Law 11.683 (t.o. 1998), arts. 3, 4, 11, 21, 22, 37, 56, 76, 92
- Law 27.799 (BO 2 January 2026), arts. 30, 43
- Income Tax Law, t.o. Decree 824/2019, arts. 1, 73, 97, 105
- AFIP RG 1415/2003 (invoicing), updated text, arts. 8, 12 to 18, Annex II
- AFIP RG 4291/2018 (electronic invoicing), updated text, art. 12
- ARCA RG 5614/2024 (consumer tax transparency, BO 13 December 2024), arts. 1, 2, 7, 8
- ARCA RG 5803/2025 (registration, BO 24 December 2025)
- Law 25.413 (bank tax), updated text
- Law 23.966 Title VI (personal assets tax)
- Law 24.977 (monotributo) and ARCA category table from 1 August 2026
- Law 23.548 (tax sharing), art. 9
- Convenio Multilateral, arts. 1, 2
- Decree 953/2024 (ARCA), arts. 1 to 3 (BO 25 October 2024)
- Law 26.122 (decree control), arts. 22 to 24
- DNU 70/2023
- Law 27.742 (Bases), arts. 164, 169, 173
- BCRA, Exterior y Cambios, texto ordenado al 14/09/2026, points 1.1 to 1.9, 3.10, 3.16.3
- BCRA, Sistema Nacional de Pagos: Transferencias, normas complementarias, t.o. 08/09/2026, point 2.4
- BCRA, Proveedores de servicios de pago, t.o. 02/10/2026, point 1.4.1
- BCRA Com. A 8226
- Law 25.246 (AML), arts. 4 bis, 5, 6, 20
- Law 26.831 (capital markets)
- Law 23.576 (negotiable obligations), art. 1
- Law 24.083 (mutual funds), art. 1
- Law 21.526 (financial entities), art. 1
- Law 24.522 (insolvency), arts. 1, 5, 69, 77
- Law 24.557 (work risks), arts. 1, 3
- Law 23.660 (health funds), arts. 1, 16
- Law 24.241 (pensions), arts. 7, 11
- Law 23.458 (Apostille Convention)
- Law 25.506 (digital signature)
- Law 25.871 (migration), arts. 20, 30 to 33
- Decree 616/2010, art. 22
- Law 17.671 (identification, RENAPER, DNI), arts. 1, 13
- Law 22.362 (trademarks), arts. 1, 4, 5
- Law 11.867 (transfer of businesses), arts. 1, 2, original text
- Customs Code, Law 22.415, arts. 36, 37, 635, 642, 724, 725
- Law 26.589 (mediation)
- Law 24.240 (consumer protection)
- Decree 746/2017 (AAIP)
- Law 27.440 (productive financing, FCE)
- Law 24.452 (cheques)
- Infoleg searches used to locate norms for this page